Cell Culture:Article Title: YTHDC2 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting glutaminolysis via VHL/HIF-1α axis.
Article Snippet: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a highly prevalent and poor-prognosis malignancy, is closely associated with tumor metabolic reprogramming, particularly the glutamine-dependent metabolic phenotype.. This study systematically investigates the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in OSCC through integrated bioinformatics analysis and functional experiments, focusing on the tumor-suppressive function of the m6A reader YTHDC2 and its regulation of glutaminolysis.. Analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed that YTHDC2 expression was significantly inversely correlated with OSCC malignancy and patient survival.
Article Title: DAZL-targeted inducible kill switches enable efficient ablation of chicken primordial germ cells.
Article Snippet: .. The PGCs were cultured in a specialized KO-DMEM (CaCl2-free, 12.0 mM glucose, 250 mOsm) supplemented with 1 × B-27 supplement, 2.0 mM GlutaMax, 1 × NEAA, 0.1 mM ß-mercaptoethanol, 1 × nucleosides, 0.4 mM pyruvate, 0.2% ovalbumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 0.1 mg/ml sodium heparin (Sigma), 0.15 mM calcium chloride, 12.5 ng/ ml human activin A (PeproTech, Cranbury, NJ, USA), 4 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), and 0.2% chicken serum (sigma). ..
Recombinant:Article Title: A CYP3A7 metabolically competent human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cell (hHLC 3A7 ) model for drug safety assessment in the newborn.
Article Snippet: Drug safety assessment in newborns is limited by ethical constraints and the fact that no appropriate human-relevant in vitro hepatic cell model system currently exists to study and predict drug metabolism and disposition in this fragile population.. Yet polypharmacy and off-label drug administration to newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit substantially increases the risk for drug adverse events in a population characterized by an immature hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) system.. To address this concern, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells from adult donors into human hepatocyte-like cells (hHLC3A7) exhibiting metabolic activity of the unique fetal/newborn CYP3A7.
other:
H&E Stain:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Staining:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Activity Assay:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Luciferase:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Plasmid Preparation:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Transfection:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Amplification:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
CCK-8 Assay:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Centrifugation:Article Title: Melatonin-incorporated brain extracellular matrix hydrogel enhances NSCs mitochondrial metabolism to promote neuroregeneration via the AMPK-PGC-1α-NRF1/TFAM axis after spinal cord injury
Article Snippet: .. After centrifugation, the cell pellet was resuspended in serum-free NSCs culture medium, consisting of DMEM/F12 (GIBCO, C11330500BT, USA) supplemented with 2% B27 (GIBCO, 12587010, USA), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (HYCLONE, SV30010, USA), 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; MCE, HY-P7004, China), and 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF; MCE, HY-P7109, China). ..
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